All 7 Vibhaktis — Quick Reference Chart
सप्त विभक्तयः — संक्षिप्त सारणी
Complete Vibhakti Chart for CBSE Exams · Class 6-8
Key Points to Remember
- ▸Remember the seven cases in order: 1st Subject, 2nd Object, 3rd By/With, 4th For, 5th From, 6th Of/Whose, 7th In/At
- ▸Memory device: "Sita Divided Two Deer From Six Stores" → Sub Obj Instr Dat Abl Gen Loc
- ▸Dual of Tṛtīyā, Caturthī, Pañcamī all share the same ending: -ābhyām (रामाभ्याम्)
- ▸Dual of Ṣaṣṭhī and Saptamī share: -ayoḥ (रामयोः)
Grammar Explained
All 7 vibhaktis with their English names, Sanskrit kāraka names, question words, and the endings for रामः (masculine a-stem). Master this chart and you can parse any Sanskrit sentence.
Paradigm: राम (masculine a-stem) — Complete declension of राम
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रथमा — Nominative (Subject / Kartā) | रामः | रामौ | रामाः |
| द्वितीया — Accusative (Object / Karma) | रामम् | रामौ | रामान् |
| तृतीया — Instrumental (By/With / Karaṇa) | रामेण | रामाभ्याम् | रामैः |
| चतुर्थी — Dative (For / Sampradāna) | रामाय | रामाभ्याम् | रामेभ्यः |
| पञ्चमी — Ablative (From / Apādāna) | रामात् | रामाभ्याम् | रामेभ्यः |
| षष्ठी — Genitive (Of / Sambandha) | रामस्य | रामयोः | रामाणाम् |
| सप्तमी — Locative (In/At / Adhikaraṇa) | रामे | रामयोः | रामेषु |
Example Sentences
रामः (sub) रावणम् (obj) बाणेन (instr) श्रेण्याम् (loc) हतवान्।
Rāmaḥ (1st) Rāvaṇam (2nd) bāṇena (3rd) śreṇyām (7th) hatavān.
Rāma killed Rāvaṇa with an arrow in the battlefield.
Exercises (2)
Exercise 1: Match the Column
Match vibhakti to its question word
1. प्रथमा
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कः / का / किम्?
2. द्वितीया
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कम् / काम्?
3. तृतीया
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केन / कया?
4. चतुर्थी
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कस्मै / कस्यै?
5. पञ्चमी
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कस्मात् / कस्याः?
6. षष्ठी
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कस्य / कस्याः?
7. सप्तमी
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कस्मिन् / कस्याम्?
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentence with the correct vibhakti
1. माता बालकाय (caturthī) फलम् _______ (Saptamī of थाल "plate") रखति।
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थाले (Saptamī) रखति
2. श्यामः _______ (Tṛtīyā of लेखनी "pen") लिखति।
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लेखन्या
3. सीता _______ (Pañcamī of गृह "home") आगच्छति।
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गृहात्
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